
Cannabis trichomes are tiny, resinous structures that play a crucial role in the cannabis world. They are not only responsible for the plant's unique aroma and potency, but also for the medicinal and psychoactive effects that make cannabis so desirable. In this post, we'll dive deep into the world of trichomes and explain why they're so important.
What are trichomes?
Trichomes are microscopic, mushroom-shaped structures found on the surface of cannabis flowers and leaves. The term "trichome" comes from the Greek word tríchōma , which means "hair." Although they are tiny, they contain the most important compounds of the cannabis plant: cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids.
types of trichomes
There are different types of trichomes on cannabis plants:
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Bulbous trichomes: The smallest trichomes, only about 10-15 micrometers in size, are almost invisible and contain only small amounts of cannabinoids.
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Capitate trichomes: These slightly larger trichomes have no stalks and are flatter. They are found mainly on the leaves.
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Capitate-stalked trichomes: These are the most well-known and important trichomes. They have a clearly visible stalk and a mushroom-like structure. These trichomes contain the highest concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes and are crucial for the quality of the plant.
The Function of Trichomes
In nature, trichomes serve as a protective mechanism for the cannabis plant. They help to shield against harmful UV radiation and act as a defense against predators such as insects or animals. The strong smell of the terpenes and the sticky nature of the resin make the plant unattractive to many pests.
trichomes and cannabinoid production
The valuable cannabinoids such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) are mainly produced in the trichomes. These chemical compounds play a central role in the effects of cannabis, be it for pain relief, relaxation or the treatment of various medical conditions.
In addition to cannabinoids, trichomes also contain terpenes, which are responsible for the aroma and flavor of the plant. This combination of cannabinoids and terpenes influences the "entourage effect" phenomenon, in which the effects of the compounds are enhanced by their interaction.
How do you recognize mature trichomes?
When growing cannabis, the condition of the trichomes is a crucial factor in determining the right time to harvest. Using a magnifying glass or microscope, you can observe the color of the trichomes:
- Clearly, the trichomes are still immature. Cannabinoid production is not yet fully completed.
- Milky: The trichomes have reached their full potency. This is the optimal time for a harvest with a strong psychoactive effect.
- Amber: The trichomes have begun to break down, resulting in a more relaxing, sedative effect.
Many growers harvest when the trichomes are predominantly milky, but there is a small amount of amber trichomes present.
How does processing affect the trichomes?
The processing of cannabis has a big impact on the integrity of the trichomes. Here are some tips to preserve the quality:
- Gentle harvest: Avoid excessive touching of the flowers as this can damage trichomes.
- Drying and curing: Slow drying and careful curing in low humidity help preserve the cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Cool storage: Store the flowers in a dark, cool and airtight container to protect the trichomes from UV rays and oxygen.
Use of trichomes in cannabis products
Trichomes are the basis of many cannabis products, including:
- Kief: Loose trichomes that are sifted from the flowers.
- Hash: A concentrated form of kief made by pressing or heating.
- Concentrates: Modern extracts such as shatter, wax or live resin, which contain the cannabinoids and terpenes of the trichomes.
Conclusion
Trichomes are the heart of the cannabis plant and a key to the quality and effects of cannabis. By understanding their function and caring for them, growers and consumers can get the most out of the plant. Whether you're growing cannabis yourself or enjoying it, a look at the trichomes tells you a lot about the potency and quality of the flowers.